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1 extraction
ɛkstʀaksjɔ̃1) (de minerai, pétrole, gaz) extraction; (de charbon, diamants) mining; (d'ardoise, de marbre) quarrying2) Médecine (de balle, dent) extraction (de from)3) ( origine) extraction sout* * *ɛkstʀaksjɔ̃ nf* * *extraction nf1 Mines (de minerai, pétrole, gaz) extraction; (de charbon, diamants) mining; (d'ardoise, de marbre) quarrying;2 Méd (de balle, dent) extraction (de from);3 Math extraction;4 Chimie (d'huile, essences, hydrocarbures, de sucre) extraction; extraction par solvant extraction using a solvent;5 ( origine) extraction sout; être de basse/haute extraction to be of low/high birth; être d'extraction bourgeoise to be from a middle-class background.[ɛkstraksjɔ̃] nom fémininl'extraction du charbon coal extraction ou miningde basse extraction locution adjectivalede haute extraction locution adjectivale -
2 Fauvelle, Pierre-Pascal
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 4 June 1797 Rethel, Ardennes, Franced. 19 December 1867 Perpignan, France[br]French inventor of hydraulic boring.[br]While attending the drilling of artesian wells in southern France in 1833, Fauvelle noticed that the debris from the borehole was carried out by the ascending water. This observation caused him to conceive the idea that the boring process need not necessarily be interrupted in order to clear the hole with an auger. It took him eleven years to develop his idea and to find financial backing to carry out his project in practice. In 1844, within a period of fifty-four days, he secretly bored an artesian well 219 m (718 ft) deep in Perpignan. One year later he secured his invention with a patent in France, and with another the following year in Spain.Fauvelle's process involved water being forced by a pressure pump through hollow rods to the bottom of the drill, whence it ascended through the annular space between the rod and the wall of the borehole, thus flushing the mud up to the surface. This method was similar to that of Robert Beart who had secured a patent in Britain but had not put it into practice. Although Fauvelle was not primarily concerned with the rotating action of the drill, his hydraulic boring method and its subsequent developments by his stepson, Alphonse de Basterot, formed an important step towards modern rotary drilling, which began with the work of Anthony F. Lucas near Beaumont, Texas, at the turn of the twentieth century. In the 1870s Albert Fauck, who also contributed important developments to the structure of boring rigs, had combined Fauvelle's hydraulic system with core-boring in the United States.[br]Bibliography1846, "Sur un nouveau système de forage", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences, pp. 438–40; also printed in 1847 in Le Technologiste 8, pp. 87–8.Further ReadingA.Birembeaut, 1968, "Pierre-Pascal Fauvelle", Dictionnaire de biographie française, vol. 13, pp. 808–10; also in L'Indépendant, Perpignan, 5–10 February (biography).A.de Basterot, 1868, Puits artésiens, sondages de mines, sondages d'études, systèmeFauvelle et de Basterot, Brussels (a detailed description of Fauvelle's methods and de Basterot's developments).See also: Crælius, Per AntonWKBiographical history of technology > Fauvelle, Pierre-Pascal
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3 Mining and extraction technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Biographical history of technology > Mining and extraction technology
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4 Crælius, Per Anton
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 2 November 1854 Stockholm, Swedend. 7 August 1905 Stockholm, Sweden[br]Swedish mining engineer, inventor of the core drilling technique for prospecting purposes.[br]Having completed his studies at the Technological Institute in Stockholm and the Mining School at Falun, Crælius was awarded a grant by the Swedish Jernkontoret and in 1879 he travelled to Germany, France and Belgium in order to study technological aspects of the mining, iron and steel industries. In the same year he went to the United States, where he worked with an iron works in Colorado and a mining company in Nevada. In 1884, having returned to Sweden, he obtained an appointment in the Norberg mines; two years later, he took up employment at the Ängelsberg oilmill.His mining experience had shown him the demand for a reliable, handy and cheap method of drilling, particularly for prospecting purposes. He had become acquainted with modern drilling methods in America, possibly including Albert Fauck's drilling jar. In 1886, Crælius designed his first small-diameter drill, which was assembled in one unit. Its rotating boring rod, smooth on the outside, was fixed inside a hollow mandrel which could be turned in any direction. This first drill was hand-driven, but the hydraulic version of it became the prototype for all near-surface prospecting drills in use worldwide in the late twentieth century.Between 1890 and 1900 Crælius was managing director of the Morgårdshammar mechanical workshops, where he was able to continue the development of his drilling apparatus. He successfully applied diesel engines in the 1890s, and in 1895 he added diamond crowns to the drill. The commercial exploitation of the invention was carried out by Svenska Diamantbergborrings AB, of which Crælius was a director from its establishment in 1886.[br]Further ReadingG.Glockemeier, 1913, Diamantbohrungen für Schürf-und Aufschlußarbeiten über und unter Tage, Berlin (examines the technological aspects of Crælius's drilling method).A.Nachmanson and K.Sundberg, 1936, Svenska Diamantbergborrings Aktiebolaget 1886–1936, Uppsala (outlines extensively the merits of Crælius's invention).See also: Fauvelle, Pierre-PascalWK
См. также в других словарях:
pierre — [ pjɛr ] n. f. • 1080; lat. petra 1 ♦ LA PIERRE : matière minérale solide, dure, qui se rencontre à l intérieur ou à la surface de l écorce terrestre en masses compactes. ⇒ roche ; lith(o) , lithe; lapidifier, pétrifier. Bloc, quartier de pierre … Encyclopédie Universelle
Pierre de volvic — Sculpture en pierre de Volvic La pierre de Volvic est une pierre volcanique qui fut très utilisée dans les constructions notamment dans les environs de Clermont Ferrand et de Riom (Auvergne France). Elle a une couleur gris clair à gris sombre… … Wikipédia en Français
Pierre volcanique de Volvic — Pierre de Volvic Sculpture en pierre de Volvic La pierre de Volvic est une pierre volcanique qui fut très utilisée dans les constructions notamment dans les environs de Clermont Ferrand et de Riom (Auvergne France). Elle a une couleur gris clair… … Wikipédia en Français
EXTRACTION — s. f. Action d extraire. L extraction des sels. On obtient cette substance par extraction. L extraction des métaux, des minéraux. C est dans les mines du Pérou que se fait l extraction de l or et de l argent. En Chirurgie : L extraction de la… … Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise, 7eme edition (1835)
EXTRACTION — n. f. Action d’extraire. L’extraction des sels. On obtient cette substance par extraction. L’extraction des métaux, des minéraux. En termes de Chirurgie, L’extraction de la pierre. L’extraction d’une dent. Faire l’extraction d’une balle. Il se… … Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise, 8eme edition (1935)
Pierre de Volvic — Sculpture en pierre de Volvic La pierre de Volvic est une pierre volcanique qui fut très utilisée dans les constructions notamment dans les environs de Clermont Ferrand et de Riom (Auvergne France). Elle a une couleur gris clair. Elle provient en … Wikipédia en Français
Pierre de Molay — La Pierre de Molay est une pierre calcaire exploitée dans l Yonne. Sommaire 1 Histoire et géographie 2 La pierre de Molay aujourd hui 3 Annexes 3.1 Articles connexes … Wikipédia en Français
Extraction Du Cuivre — La mine El Chino au Nouveau Mexique. La source la plus commune de minerai de cuivre est la chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) qui représente plus de 50% de la production mais on le trouve également sous forme de sulfures dans la tétraédrite, la bornite et l … Wikipédia en Français
Extraction de cuivre — Extraction du cuivre La mine El Chino au Nouveau Mexique. La source la plus commune de minerai de cuivre est la chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) qui représente plus de 50% de la production mais on le trouve également sous forme de sulfures dans la… … Wikipédia en Français
Extraction Du Zinc — La métallurgie extractive du zinc est l’ensemble des opérations permettant la fabrication de zinc métallique à partir du minerai, ou plus rarement à partir de déchets métallurgiques, d aciéries notamment. Le minerai (généralement la blende) est… … Wikipédia en Français
Extraction De L'huile D'olive — Traduction à relire Estrazione dell olio d oliva → … Wikipédia en Français